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Note/环境/K8s/多节点部署Kubernetes集群.md

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2024-1-12
2024-01-12 10:13:34 +08:00
# 多节点部署Kubernetes集群
[TOC]
## 编辑环境
将主机名指向本机IP，**主机名只能包含：字母、数字、-（横杠）、.（点）**
### 获取主机名
```shell
hostname
```
#### 临时设置主机名
```shell
hostname 主机名
```
#### 永久设置主机名
```shell
sudo echo '主机名' > /etc/hostname
```
#### 编辑 hosts
```shell
sudo vim /etc/hosts
```
```shell
10.211.55.20 k8s-node1 #集群主节点
10.211.55.21 k8s-node2 #集群node节点
10.211.55.19 k8s-node3 #集群node节点
```
### 同步时间
```shell
sudo yum -y install ntpdate
sudo ntpdate ntp1.aliyun.com
sudo systemctl status ntpdate
sudo systemctl start ntpdate
sudo systemctl status ntpdate
sudo systemctl enable ntpdate
```
Centos9中ntp 软件包已被替换为 chrony
```shell
sudo yum -y install chrony
sudo systemctl start chronyd
sudo systemctl enable chronyd
sudo systemctl restart chronyd
sudo chronyc makestep
date
```
### 安装并配置 bash-completion，添加命令自动补充
```shell
sudo yum -y install bash-completion
source /etc/profile
```
### 关闭防火墙
```shell
sudo systemctl stop firewalld.service
sudo systemctl disable firewalld.service
```
### 开通全部端口
```shell
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=1-65535/udp --permanent
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=1-65535/tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd --reload
```
### 打开端口转发
```shell
firewall-cmd --add-masquerade --permanent # 端口转发
firewall-cmd --reload
firewall-cmd --list-all
firewall-cmd --list-all --zone=trusted
```
### 关闭交换空间
```shell
free -h
sudo swapoff -a
sudo sed -i 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab
free -h
```
### 关闭 selinux
```shell
getenforce
cat /etc/selinux/config
sudo setenforce 0
sudo sed -i 's/^SELINUX=enforcing$/SELINUX=permissive/' /etc/selinux/config
cat /etc/selinux/config
```
## 安装Docker
### 卸载旧Docekr
```shell
sudo yum remove docker docker-client docker-client-latest docker-common docker-latest docker-latest-logrotate docker-logrotate docker-engine
```
### 更新一下环境：
```
yum -y update
```
### 安装一些必要的系统工具：
```
sudo yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
```
### 添加软件源信息：
```
sudo yum install -y yum-utils
```
```
sudo yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo #国内阿里源
```
```
sudo yum-config-manager --add-repo https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo #docker官方镜像源
```
### 安装 Docker
```
sudo yum install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
```
### 启动 Docker 后台服务
```
sudo systemctl start docker
sudo systemctl enable docker
```
### 测试运行 hello-world
```
docker run hello-world
```
## 编辑Kubernetes环境
### 修改containerd
```shell
#停止containerd
sudo systemctl stop containerd.service
sudo cp /etc/containerd/config.toml /etc/containerd/config.toml.bak
sudo cp /etc/containerd/config.toml /etc/containerd/config.toml.bak
sudo containerd config default > $HOME/config.toml
sudo cp $HOME/config.toml /etc/containerd/config.toml
```
```shell
vi /etc/containerd/config.toml
```
```shell
# 修改 /etc/containerd/config.toml 文件后，要将 docker、containerd 停止后，再启动
sudo sed -i "s#registry.k8s.io/pause#registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause#g" /etc/containerd/config.toml
# https://kubernetes.io/zh-cn/docs/setup/production-environment/container-runtimes/#containerd-systemd
# 确保 /etc/containerd/config.toml 中的 disabled_plugins 内不存在 cri
sudo sed -i "s#SystemdCgroup = false#SystemdCgroup = true#g" /etc/containerd/config.toml
```
```shell
sudo systemctl enable --now containerd.service
# sudo systemctl status containerd.service
# sudo systemctl status docker.service
sudo systemctl start docker.service
# sudo systemctl status docker.service
sudo systemctl enable docker.service
sudo systemctl enable docker.socket
sudo systemctl list-unit-files | grep docker
```
```shell
sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker
sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
{
"registry-mirrors":[
"https://9kkc1zdn.mirror.aliyuncs.com",
"https://hub-mirror.c.163.com/",
"https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/",
"https://registry.docker-cn.com"],
"exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"]
}
EOF
```
### 重启
```shell
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl restart docker
sudo docker info
sudo systemctl status docker.service
sudo systemctl status containerd.service
```
### 添加阿里云镜像仓库（注意其中电脑版本例如：aarch64、x86_64、ppc64le、armhfp、390x）
```shell
# 文档：https://developer.aliyun.com/mirror/kubernetes
cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-aarch64/
# 是否开启本仓库
enabled=1
# 是否检查 gpg 签名文件
gpgcheck=0
# 是否检查 gpg 签名文件
repo_gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF
```
## 安装K8s依赖
```shell
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/modules-load.d/k8s.conf
overlay
br_netfilter
EOF
sudo modprobe overlay
sudo modprobe br_netfilter
```
```shell
# 设置所需的 sysctl 参数，参数在重新启动后保持不变
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
EOF
# 应用 sysctl 参数而不重新启动
sudo sysctl --system
```
```shell
# 通过运行以下指令确认 br_netfilter 和 overlay 模块被加载：
lsmod | grep br_netfilter
lsmod | grep overlay
```
```shell
# 通过运行以下指令确认 net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables、net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables 和 net.ipv4.ip_forward 系统变量在你的 sysctl 配置中被设置为 1：
sysctl net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables net.ipv4.ip_forward
```
```shell
#1.27.3版本
sudo yum install -y kubelet-1.27.3-0 kubeadm-1.27.3-0 kubectl-1.27.3-0 --disableexcludes=kubernetes --nogpgcheck
# 安装最新版
# sudo yum install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl --disableexcludes=kubernetes --nogpgcheck
systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl restart kubelet
sudo systemctl enable kubelet
```
### 查看kubelet日志
```shell
# k8s 未初始化时，kubelet 可能无法启动
journalctl -xefu kubelet
```
### 查看kubelet状态
```shell
# k8s 未初始化时，kubelet 可能无法启动
sudo systemctl status kubelet
```
## 以上命令所有节点均相同
## 控制面板：初始化（主节点）
```shell
kubeadm init --image-repository=registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers
# 指定集群的IP
# kubeadm init --image-repository=registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers --apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.80.60
# --apiserver-advertise-address：API 服务器所公布的其正在监听的 IP 地址。如果未设置，则使用默认网络接口。存在多个网卡时推荐设置此参数
# --pod-network-cidr：指明 pod 网络可以使用的 IP 地址段。如果设置了这个参数，控制平面将会为每一个节点自动分配 CIDRs。
# --service-cidr：默认值："10.96.0.0/12"，为服务的虚拟 IP 地址另外指定 IP 地址段
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
# 或者在环境变量中添加：export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf
# 添加完环境变量后，刷新环境变量：source /etc/profile
kubectl cluster-info
# 初始化失败后，可进行重置，重置命令：kubeadm reset
# 执行成功后，会出现类似下列内容：
#kubeadm join 10.211.55.20:6443 --token opnt8d.m1db0aosc8q7013p \
# --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:bf4601f8a84e77cd4a67ad1cfbf59be5c5aac7cf5e2efc16809a7a044389913e
#
# kubeadm token create --print-join-command
```
## node 节点：加入集群(子节点操作)
```shell
# 运行的内容来自上方执行结果
kubeadm join 10.211.55.20:6443 --token opnt8d.m1db0aosc8q7013p \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:bf4601f8a84e77cd4a67ad1cfbf59be5c5aac7cf5e2efc16809a7a044389913e
# kubeadm token create --print-join-command
```
## 控制面板
```shell
kubectl get pods --all-namespaces -o wide
```
```shell
[root@localhost ~]# kubectl get pods --all-namespaces -o wide
NAMESPACE NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
kube-system coredns-7bdc4cb885-h685f 0/1 Pending 0 71s <none> <none> <none> <none>
kube-system coredns-7bdc4cb885-rrlbq 0/1 Pending 0 71s <none> <none> <none> <none>
kube-system etcd-k8s-node1 1/1 Running 0 76s 10.211.55.20 k8s-node1 <none> <none>
kube-system kube-apiserver-k8s-node1 1/1 Running 0 78s 10.211.55.20 k8s-node1 <none> <none>
kube-system kube-controller-manager-k8s-node1 1/1 Running 0 76s 10.211.55.20 k8s-node1 <none> <none>
kube-system kube-proxy-64rdg 1/1 Running 0 71s 10.211.55.20 k8s-node1 <none> <none>
kube-system kube-scheduler-k8s-node1 1/1 Running 0 78s 10.211.55.20 k8s-node1 <none> <none>
```
```shell
kubectl get nodes -o wide
```
```shell
[root@localhost ~]# kubectl get nodes -o wide
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION INTERNAL-IP EXTERNAL-IP OS-IMAGE KERNEL-VERSION CONTAINER-RUNTIME
k8s-node1 NotReady control-plane 2m7s v1.27.3 10.211.55.20 <none> CentOS Stream 9 5.14.0-373.el9.aarch64 containerd://1.6.24
```
### 控制面板：配置网络，选择 Calico 配置
归档文档：https://docs.tigera.io/archive/
| **Kubernetes 版本** | **Calico 版本** | **Calico 文档** | **Calico 配置** |
| ---------------------- | --------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------ |
| 1.18、1.19、1.20 | 3.18 | https://docs.tigera.io/archive/v3.18/getting-started/kubernetes/requirements | https://docs.tigera.io/archive/v3.18/manifests/calico.yaml |
| 1.19、1.20、1.21 | 3.19 | https://docs.tigera.io/archive/v3.19/getting-started/kubernetes/requirements | https://docs.tigera.io/archive/v3.19/manifests/calico.yaml |
| 1.19、1.20、1.21 | 3.20 | https://docs.tigera.io/archive/v3.20/getting-started/kubernetes/requirements | https://docs.tigera.io/archive/v3.20/manifests/calico.yaml |
| 1.20、1.21、1.22 | 3.21 | https://docs.tigera.io/archive/v3.21/getting-started/kubernetes/requirements | https://docs.tigera.io/archive/v3.21/manifests/calico.yaml |
| 1.21、1.22、1.23 | 3.22 | https://docs.tigera.io/archive/v3.22/getting-started/kubernetes/requirements | https://docs.tigera.io/archive/v3.22/manifests/calico.yaml |
| 1.21、1.22、1.23 | 3.23 | https://docs.tigera.io/archive/v3.23/getting-started/kubernetes/requirements | https://docs.tigera.io/archive/v3.23/manifests/calico.yaml |
| 1.22、1.23、1.24、1.25 | 3.24 | https://docs.tigera.io/archive/v3.24/getting-started/kubernetes/requirements | https://docs.tigera.io/archive/v3.24/manifests/calico.yaml |
| 1.22、1.23、1.24 | 3.25 | https://docs.tigera.io/archive/v3.25/getting-started/kubernetes/requirements | https://docs.tigera.io/archive/v3.25/manifests/calico.yaml |
| 1.24、1.25、1.26、1.27 | 3.26（最新版，从 2023 年 5 月开始正式更新，未测试） | https://docs.tigera.io/calico/latest/getting-started/kubernetes/requirements | https://raw.githubusercontent.com/projectcalico/calico/v3.26.1/manifests/calico.yaml |
```shell
# 下载 依赖
wget --no-check-certificate https://raw.githubusercontent.com/projectcalico/calico/v3.26.1/manifests/calico.yaml
```
```shell
# 修改 calico.yaml 文件
vim calico.yaml
```
```shell
# 在 - name: CLUSTER_TYPE 下方添加如下内容
- name: CLUSTER_TYPE
value: "k8s,bgp"
# 下方为新增内容
- name: IP_AUTODETECTION_METHOD
value: "interface=网卡名称"
# 网卡名称通过ip addr进行查询
# INTERFACE_NAME=ens33
# sed -i '/k8s,bgp/a \ - name: IP_AUTODETECTION_METHOD\n value: "interface=INTERFACE_NAME"' calico.yaml
# sed -i "s#INTERFACE_NAME#$INTERFACE_NAME#g" calico.yaml
```
```shell
# 配置网络
kubectl apply -f calico.yaml
```
### 控制面板：查看 pods、nodes
```shell
kubectl get nodes -o wide
kubectl get pods --all-namespaces -o wide
```
## k8s安装与配置已完成，下面内容是测试。
### 控制面板：创建 nginx 服务
```shell
# 带 命名空间、Service 的完整版参见：https://jihulab.com/xuxiaowei-cloud/xuxiaowei-cloud/-/blob/main/docs/deployment/nginx-deployment.yaml
cat > nginx.yaml << EOF
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: nginx-deployment
labels:
app: nginx
spec:
replicas: 2
selector:
matchLabels:
app: nginx
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: nginx
spec:
containers:
- name: nginx
image: nginx:1.23.2
ports:
- containerPort: 80
EOF
cat nginx.yaml
kubectl apply -f nginx.yaml
# 编辑
# kubectl edit deployment nginx-deployment
```
### 查看服务
```shell
kubectl get pods --all-namespaces -o wide
kubectl get pods -o wide
# 控制面板：查看pod,svc
kubectl get pod,svc -o wide
```
```shell
# 控制面板：设置服务（将多个 nginx-deployment 的 pod 绑定在一起，通过一个 Service 端口统一对外提供）
kubectl expose deployment nginx-deployment --type=NodePort --name=nginx-service
# 带 命名空间、Service 的完整版参见：https://jihulab.com/xuxiaowei-cloud/xuxiaowei-cloud/-/blob/main/docs/deployment/nginx-deployment.yaml
```
### 再次查看
```shell
# 控制面板：查看pod,svc
kubectl get pod,svc -o wide
```
### 删除部署
```shell
kubectl delete -f nginx.yaml
```
```shell
kubectl delete deployment pod名称
```
## 其他辅助
### CentOS 命令自动补充
1. 安装 bash-completion
```shell
yum install -y bash-completion
```
2. 拷贝 kubernetes 的自动补全脚本到系统补全目录中
```shell
source <(kubectl completion bash)
echo "source <(kubectl completion bash)" >> ~/.bashrc
```
3. 重新加载环境变量，使设置生效
```shell
source ~/.bashrc
```
### Token 相关命令
1. 控制平面节点上运行以下命令来获取令牌
```shell
kubeadm token list
```
2. 默认情况下，令牌会在 24 小时后过期，可以通过在控制平面节点上运行以下命令来创建新令牌
```shell
kubeadm token create
```
### 相关命令
1. 查看更多信息
```shell
-o wide
```
2. 查看所有命名空间
```shell
--all-namespaces
```
3. 查看指定命名空间
```shell
-n 命名空间
```
4. 查看所有 pod
```shell
kubectl get pods --all-namespaces -o wide
```
5. 查看 pod 描述
```shell
kubectl -n 命名空间 describe pod 名称
```
6. 删除 pod
```shell
kubectl -n 命名空间 delete pod 名称
```
7. 进入 pod
```shell
kubectl exec -it pod名称 bash
```
8. 查看 Service Account
```shell
kubectl get sa --all-namespaces
```
```shell
kubectl -n 命名空间 get sa
```
9. 查看 pv
```shell
kubectl get pv
```
10. 查看 pvc
```shell
kubectl get pvc
```
11. 查看角色绑定
```shell
kubectl get rolebinding --all-namespaces -o wide
```
## 常见报错
### 子节点环境变量没有配置
```shel
[root@k8s-node2 ~]# kubectl get nodes
E1020 09:02:20.228531 3007 memcache.go:265] couldn't get current server API group list: Get "http://localhost:8080/api?timeout=32s": dial tcp [::1]:8080: connect: connection refused
E1020 09:02:20.228894 3007 memcache.go:265] couldn't get current server API group list: Get "http://localhost:8080/api?timeout=32s": dial tcp [::1]:8080: connect: connection refused
E1020 09:02:20.230721 3007 memcache.go:265] couldn't get current server API group list: Get "http://localhost:8080/api?timeout=32s": dial tcp [::1]:8080: connect: connection refused
E1020 09:02:20.232525 3007 memcache.go:265] couldn't get current server API group list: Get "http://localhost:8080/api?timeout=32s": dial tcp [::1]:8080: connect: connection refused
E1020 09:02:20.234259 3007 memcache.go:265] couldn't get current server API group list: Get "http://localhost:8080/api?timeout=32s": dial tcp [::1]:8080: connect: connection refused
The connection to the server localhost:8080 was refused - did you specify the right host or port?
```
首先先进入`/etc/kubernetes`文件夹下面然后查看你的配置文件
1.27版本使用的名称为`kubelet.conf`以前版本应该是`admin.conf`
配置环境变量
```shell
echo "export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.conf" >> ~/.bash_profile
source ~/.bash_profile
```
现在就已经正常了