FlashSaleSystem/src/main/java/com/org/flashsalesystem/config/GlobalExceptionHandler.java

package com.org.flashsalesystem.config;

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.validation.BindException;
import org.springframework.validation.ObjectError;
import org.springframework.web.bind.MethodArgumentNotValidException;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestControllerAdvice;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.validation.ConstraintViolation;
import javax.validation.ConstraintViolationException;
import java.time.LocalDateTime;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

/**
 * 全局异常处理器
 * 统一处理应用中的各种异常，提供一致的错误响应格式
 */
@RestControllerAdvice
@Slf4j
public class GlobalExceptionHandler {

    /**
     * 业务异常处理
     */
    @ExceptionHandler(BusinessException.class)
    public ResponseEntity<ErrorResponse> handleBusinessException(BusinessException e, HttpServletRequest request) {
        log.warn("业务异常: {} - {}", e.getErrorCode(), e.getMessage(), e);
        
        ErrorResponse errorResponse = ErrorResponse.builder()
                .timestamp(LocalDateTime.now())
                .status(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST.value())
                .error("Business Error")
                .message(e.getMessage())
                .errorCode(e.getErrorCode())
                .path(request.getRequestURI())
                .build();
        
        return ResponseEntity.badRequest().body(errorResponse);
    }

    /**
     * 秒杀相关异常处理
     */
    @ExceptionHandler(FlashSaleException.class)
    public ResponseEntity<ErrorResponse> handleFlashSaleException(FlashSaleException e, HttpServletRequest request) {
        log.warn("秒杀异常: {} - {}", e.getErrorCode(), e.getMessage(), e);
        
        ErrorResponse errorResponse = ErrorResponse.builder()
                .timestamp(LocalDateTime.now())
                .status(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST.value())
                .error("Flash Sale Error")
                .message(e.getMessage())
                .errorCode(e.getErrorCode())
                .path(request.getRequestURI())
                .build();
        
        return ResponseEntity.badRequest().body(errorResponse);
    }

    /**
     * 限流异常处理
     */
    @ExceptionHandler(RateLimitException.class)
    public ResponseEntity<ErrorResponse> handleRateLimitException(RateLimitException e, HttpServletRequest request) {
        log.warn("限流异常: {}", e.getMessage(), e);
        
        ErrorResponse errorResponse = ErrorResponse.builder()
                .timestamp(LocalDateTime.now())
                .status(HttpStatus.TOO_MANY_REQUESTS.value())
                .error("Rate Limit Exceeded")
                .message(e.getMessage())
                .errorCode("RATE_LIMIT_EXCEEDED")
                .path(request.getRequestURI())
                .build();
        
        return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.TOO_MANY_REQUESTS).body(errorResponse);
    }

    /**
     * 数据验证异常处理
     */
    @ExceptionHandler(MethodArgumentNotValidException.class)
    public ResponseEntity<ErrorResponse> handleValidationException(MethodArgumentNotValidException e, HttpServletRequest request) {
        log.warn("数据验证异常: {}", e.getMessage());
        
        StringBuilder errorMessages = new StringBuilder();
        for (ObjectError error : e.getBindingResult().getAllErrors()) {
            if (errorMessages.length() > 0) {
                errorMessages.append("; ");
            }
            errorMessages.append(error.getDefaultMessage());
        }
        
        ErrorResponse errorResponse = ErrorResponse.builder()
                .timestamp(LocalDateTime.now())
                .status(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST.value())
                .error("Validation Error")
                .message(errorMessages.toString())
                .errorCode("VALIDATION_ERROR")
                .path(request.getRequestURI())
                .build();
        
        return ResponseEntity.badRequest().body(errorResponse);
    }

    /**
     * 参数绑定异常处理
     */
    @ExceptionHandler(BindException.class)
    public ResponseEntity<ErrorResponse> handleBindException(BindException e, HttpServletRequest request) {
        log.warn("参数绑定异常: {}", e.getMessage());
        
        StringBuilder errorMessages = new StringBuilder();
        for (ObjectError error : e.getBindingResult().getAllErrors()) {
            if (errorMessages.length() > 0) {
                errorMessages.append("; ");
            }
            errorMessages.append(error.getDefaultMessage());
        }
        
        ErrorResponse errorResponse = ErrorResponse.builder()
                .timestamp(LocalDateTime.now())
                .status(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST.value())
                .error("Parameter Binding Error")
                .message(errorMessages.toString())
                .errorCode("BINDING_ERROR")
                .path(request.getRequestURI())
                .build();
        
        return ResponseEntity.badRequest().body(errorResponse);
    }

    /**
     * 约束违规异常处理
     */
    @ExceptionHandler(ConstraintViolationException.class)
    public ResponseEntity<ErrorResponse> handleConstraintViolationException(ConstraintViolationException e, HttpServletRequest request) {
        log.warn("约束违规异常: {}", e.getMessage());
        
        StringBuilder errorMessages = new StringBuilder();
        Set<ConstraintViolation<?>> violations = e.getConstraintViolations();
        for (ConstraintViolation<?> violation : violations) {
            if (errorMessages.length() > 0) {
                errorMessages.append("; ");
            }
            errorMessages.append(violation.getMessage());
        }
        
        ErrorResponse errorResponse = ErrorResponse.builder()
                .timestamp(LocalDateTime.now())
                .status(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST.value())
                .error("Constraint Violation")
                .message(errorMessages.toString())
                .errorCode("CONSTRAINT_VIOLATION")
                .path(request.getRequestURI())
                .build();
        
        return ResponseEntity.badRequest().body(errorResponse);
    }

    /**
     * 超时异常处理
     */
    @ExceptionHandler(TimeoutException.class)
    public ResponseEntity<ErrorResponse> handleTimeoutException(TimeoutException e, HttpServletRequest request) {
        log.error("超时异常: {}", e.getMessage(), e);
        
        ErrorResponse errorResponse = ErrorResponse.builder()
                .timestamp(LocalDateTime.now())
                .status(HttpStatus.REQUEST_TIMEOUT.value())
                .error("Timeout Error")
                .message("请求超时，请稍后重试")
                .errorCode("TIMEOUT_ERROR")
                .path(request.getRequestURI())
                .build();
        
        return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.REQUEST_TIMEOUT).body(errorResponse);
    }

    /**
     * 非法参数异常处理
     */
    @ExceptionHandler(IllegalArgumentException.class)
    public ResponseEntity<ErrorResponse> handleIllegalArgumentException(IllegalArgumentException e, HttpServletRequest request) {
        log.warn("非法参数异常: {}", e.getMessage(), e);
        
        ErrorResponse errorResponse = ErrorResponse.builder()
                .timestamp(LocalDateTime.now())
                .status(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST.value())
                .error("Illegal Argument")
                .message(e.getMessage())
                .errorCode("ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT")
                .path(request.getRequestURI())
                .build();
        
        return ResponseEntity.badRequest().body(errorResponse);
    }

    /**
     * 空指针异常处理
     */
    @ExceptionHandler(NullPointerException.class)
    public ResponseEntity<ErrorResponse> handleNullPointerException(NullPointerException e, HttpServletRequest request) {
        log.error("空指针异常: {}", e.getMessage(), e);
        
        ErrorResponse errorResponse = ErrorResponse.builder()
                .timestamp(LocalDateTime.now())
                .status(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR.value())
                .error("Null Pointer Error")
                .message("系统内部错误，请联系管理员")
                .errorCode("NULL_POINTER_ERROR")
                .path(request.getRequestURI())
                .build();
        
        return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR).body(errorResponse);
    }

    /**
     * 运行时异常处理
     */
    @ExceptionHandler(RuntimeException.class)
    public ResponseEntity<ErrorResponse> handleRuntimeException(RuntimeException e, HttpServletRequest request) {
        log.error("运行时异常: {}", e.getMessage(), e);
        
        // 对于已知的业务异常，使用友好的错误信息
        String message = e.getMessage();
        if (message == null || message.trim().isEmpty()) {
            message = "系统繁忙，请稍后重试";
        }
        
        ErrorResponse errorResponse = ErrorResponse.builder()
                .timestamp(LocalDateTime.now())
                .status(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR.value())
                .error("Runtime Error")
                .message(message)
                .errorCode("RUNTIME_ERROR")
                .path(request.getRequestURI())
                .build();
        
        return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR).body(errorResponse);
    }

    /**
     * 通用异常处理
     */
    @ExceptionHandler(Exception.class)
    public ResponseEntity<ErrorResponse> handleGenericException(Exception e, HttpServletRequest request) {
        log.error("系统异常: {}", e.getMessage(), e);
        
        ErrorResponse errorResponse = ErrorResponse.builder()
                .timestamp(LocalDateTime.now())
                .status(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR.value())
                .error("System Error")
                .message("系统异常，请联系管理员")
                .errorCode("SYSTEM_ERROR")
                .path(request.getRequestURI())
                .build();
        
        return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR).body(errorResponse);
    }

    /**
     * 统一错误响应格式
     */
    public static class ErrorResponse {
        private LocalDateTime timestamp;
        private int status;
        private String error;
        private String message;
        private String errorCode;
        private String path;
        private Map<String, Object> details;

        public ErrorResponse() {
            this.details = new HashMap<>();
        }

        public static ErrorResponseBuilder builder() {
            return new ErrorResponseBuilder();
        }

        // Getters and Setters
        public LocalDateTime getTimestamp() { return timestamp; }
        public void setTimestamp(LocalDateTime timestamp) { this.timestamp = timestamp; }

        public int getStatus() { return status; }
        public void setStatus(int status) { this.status = status; }

        public String getError() { return error; }
        public void setError(String error) { this.error = error; }

        public String getMessage() { return message; }
        public void setMessage(String message) { this.message = message; }

        public String getErrorCode() { return errorCode; }
        public void setErrorCode(String errorCode) { this.errorCode = errorCode; }

        public String getPath() { return path; }
        public void setPath(String path) { this.path = path; }

        public Map<String, Object> getDetails() { return details; }
        public void setDetails(Map<String, Object> details) { this.details = details; }

        public static class ErrorResponseBuilder {
            private ErrorResponse errorResponse = new ErrorResponse();

            public ErrorResponseBuilder timestamp(LocalDateTime timestamp) {
                errorResponse.setTimestamp(timestamp);
                return this;
            }

            public ErrorResponseBuilder status(int status) {
                errorResponse.setStatus(status);
                return this;
            }

            public ErrorResponseBuilder error(String error) {
                errorResponse.setError(error);
                return this;
            }

            public ErrorResponseBuilder message(String message) {
                errorResponse.setMessage(message);
                return this;
            }

            public ErrorResponseBuilder errorCode(String errorCode) {
                errorResponse.setErrorCode(errorCode);
                return this;
            }

            public ErrorResponseBuilder path(String path) {
                errorResponse.setPath(path);
                return this;
            }

            public ErrorResponseBuilder detail(String key, Object value) {
                errorResponse.getDetails().put(key, value);
                return this;
            }

            public ErrorResponse build() {
                return errorResponse;
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * 业务异常类
     */
    public static class BusinessException extends RuntimeException {
        private final String errorCode;

        public BusinessException(String message) {
            super(message);
            this.errorCode = "BUSINESS_ERROR";
        }

        public BusinessException(String errorCode, String message) {
            super(message);
            this.errorCode = errorCode;
        }

        public BusinessException(String message, Throwable cause) {
            super(message, cause);
            this.errorCode = "BUSINESS_ERROR";
        }

        public String getErrorCode() {
            return errorCode;
        }
    }

    /**
     * 秒杀异常类
     */
    public static class FlashSaleException extends RuntimeException {
        private final String errorCode;

        public FlashSaleException(String message) {
            super(message);
            this.errorCode = "FLASH_SALE_ERROR";
        }

        public FlashSaleException(String errorCode, String message) {
            super(message);
            this.errorCode = errorCode;
        }

        public String getErrorCode() {
            return errorCode;
        }
    }

    /**
     * 限流异常类
     */
    public static class RateLimitException extends RuntimeException {
        public RateLimitException(String message) {
            super(message);
        }

        public RateLimitException(String message, Throwable cause) {
            super(message, cause);
        }
    }
}