643 lines
18 KiB
Markdown
643 lines
18 KiB
Markdown
# 多节点部署Kubernetes集群
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[TOC]
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## 编辑环境
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将主机名指向本机IP，**主机名只能包含：字母、数字、-（横杠）、.（点）**
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### 获取主机名
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```shell
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hostname
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```
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#### 临时设置主机名
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```shell
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hostname 主机名
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```
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#### 永久设置主机名
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```shell
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sudo echo '主机名' > /etc/hostname
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```
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#### 编辑 hosts
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```shell
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sudo vim /etc/hosts
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```
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```shell
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10.211.55.20 k8s-node1 #集群主节点
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10.211.55.21 k8s-node2 #集群node节点
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10.211.55.19 k8s-node3 #集群node节点
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```
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### 同步时间
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```shell
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sudo yum -y install ntpdate
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sudo ntpdate ntp1.aliyun.com
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sudo systemctl status ntpdate
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sudo systemctl start ntpdate
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sudo systemctl status ntpdate
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sudo systemctl enable ntpdate
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```
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Centos9中ntp 软件包已被替换为 chrony
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```shell
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sudo yum -y install chrony
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sudo systemctl start chronyd
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sudo systemctl enable chronyd
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sudo systemctl restart chronyd
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sudo chronyc makestep
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date
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```
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### 安装并配置 bash-completion，添加命令自动补充
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```shell
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sudo yum -y install bash-completion
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source /etc/profile
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```
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### 关闭防火墙
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```shell
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sudo systemctl stop firewalld.service
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sudo systemctl disable firewalld.service
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```
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### 开通全部端口
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```shell
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firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=1-65535/udp --permanent
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firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=1-65535/tcp --permanent
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firewall-cmd --reload
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```
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### 打开端口转发
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```shell
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firewall-cmd --add-masquerade --permanent # 端口转发
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firewall-cmd --reload
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firewall-cmd --list-all
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firewall-cmd --list-all --zone=trusted
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```
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### 关闭交换空间
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```shell
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free -h
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sudo swapoff -a
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sudo sed -i 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab
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free -h
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```
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### 关闭 selinux
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```shell
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getenforce
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cat /etc/selinux/config
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sudo setenforce 0
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sudo sed -i 's/^SELINUX=enforcing$/SELINUX=permissive/' /etc/selinux/config
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cat /etc/selinux/config
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```
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## 安装Docker
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### 卸载旧Docekr
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```shell
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sudo yum remove docker docker-client docker-client-latest docker-common docker-latest docker-latest-logrotate docker-logrotate docker-engine
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```
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### 更新一下环境：
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```
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yum -y update
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```
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### 安装一些必要的系统工具：
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```
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sudo yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
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```
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### 添加软件源信息：
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```
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sudo yum install -y yum-utils
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```
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```
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sudo yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo #国内阿里源
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```
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```
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sudo yum-config-manager --add-repo https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo #docker官方镜像源
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```
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### 安装 Docker
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```
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sudo yum install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
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```
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### 启动 Docker 后台服务
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```
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sudo systemctl start docker
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sudo systemctl enable docker
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```
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### 测试运行 hello-world
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```
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docker run hello-world
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```
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## 编辑Kubernetes环境
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### 修改containerd
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```shell
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#停止containerd
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sudo systemctl stop containerd.service
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sudo cp /etc/containerd/config.toml /etc/containerd/config.toml.bak
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sudo cp /etc/containerd/config.toml /etc/containerd/config.toml.bak
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sudo containerd config default > $HOME/config.toml
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sudo cp $HOME/config.toml /etc/containerd/config.toml
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```
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```shell
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vi /etc/containerd/config.toml
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```
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```shell
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# 修改 /etc/containerd/config.toml 文件后，要将 docker、containerd 停止后，再启动
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sudo sed -i "s#registry.k8s.io/pause#registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause#g" /etc/containerd/config.toml
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# https://kubernetes.io/zh-cn/docs/setup/production-environment/container-runtimes/#containerd-systemd
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# 确保 /etc/containerd/config.toml 中的 disabled_plugins 内不存在 cri
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sudo sed -i "s#SystemdCgroup = false#SystemdCgroup = true#g" /etc/containerd/config.toml
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```
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```shell
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sudo systemctl enable --now containerd.service
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# sudo systemctl status containerd.service
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# sudo systemctl status docker.service
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sudo systemctl start docker.service
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# sudo systemctl status docker.service
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sudo systemctl enable docker.service
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sudo systemctl enable docker.socket
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sudo systemctl list-unit-files | grep docker
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```
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```shell
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sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker
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sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
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{
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"registry-mirrors":[
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"https://9kkc1zdn.mirror.aliyuncs.com",
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"https://hub-mirror.c.163.com/",
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"https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/",
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"https://registry.docker-cn.com"],
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"exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"]
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}
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EOF
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```
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### 重启
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```shell
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sudo systemctl daemon-reload
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sudo systemctl restart docker
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sudo docker info
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sudo systemctl status docker.service
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sudo systemctl status containerd.service
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```
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### 添加阿里云镜像仓库（注意其中电脑版本例如：aarch64、x86_64、ppc64le、armhfp、390x）
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```shell
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# 文档：https://developer.aliyun.com/mirror/kubernetes
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cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
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[kubernetes]
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name=Kubernetes
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baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-aarch64/
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# 是否开启本仓库
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enabled=1
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# 是否检查 gpg 签名文件
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gpgcheck=0
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# 是否检查 gpg 签名文件
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repo_gpgcheck=0
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gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
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EOF
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```
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## 安装K8s依赖
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```shell
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cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/modules-load.d/k8s.conf
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overlay
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br_netfilter
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EOF
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sudo modprobe overlay
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sudo modprobe br_netfilter
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```
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```shell
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# 设置所需的 sysctl 参数，参数在重新启动后保持不变
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cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
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net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
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net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
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net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
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EOF
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# 应用 sysctl 参数而不重新启动
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sudo sysctl --system
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```
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```shell
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# 通过运行以下指令确认 br_netfilter 和 overlay 模块被加载：
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lsmod | grep br_netfilter
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lsmod | grep overlay
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```
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```shell
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# 通过运行以下指令确认 net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables、net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables 和 net.ipv4.ip_forward 系统变量在你的 sysctl 配置中被设置为 1：
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sysctl net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables net.ipv4.ip_forward
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```
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```shell
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#1.27.3版本
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sudo yum install -y kubelet-1.27.3-0 kubeadm-1.27.3-0 kubectl-1.27.3-0 --disableexcludes=kubernetes --nogpgcheck
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# 安装最新版
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# sudo yum install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl --disableexcludes=kubernetes --nogpgcheck
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systemctl daemon-reload
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sudo systemctl restart kubelet
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sudo systemctl enable kubelet
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```
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### 查看kubelet日志
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```shell
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# k8s 未初始化时，kubelet 可能无法启动
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journalctl -xefu kubelet
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```
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### 查看kubelet状态
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```shell
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# k8s 未初始化时，kubelet 可能无法启动
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sudo systemctl status kubelet
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```
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## 以上命令所有节点均相同
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## 控制面板：初始化（主节点）
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```shell
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kubeadm init --image-repository=registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers
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# 指定集群的IP
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# kubeadm init --image-repository=registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers --apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.80.60
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# --apiserver-advertise-address：API 服务器所公布的其正在监听的 IP 地址。如果未设置，则使用默认网络接口。存在多个网卡时推荐设置此参数
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# --pod-network-cidr：指明 pod 网络可以使用的 IP 地址段。如果设置了这个参数，控制平面将会为每一个节点自动分配 CIDRs。
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# --service-cidr：默认值："10.96.0.0/12"，为服务的虚拟 IP 地址另外指定 IP 地址段
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mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
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sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
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sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
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# 或者在环境变量中添加：export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf
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# 添加完环境变量后，刷新环境变量：source /etc/profile
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kubectl cluster-info
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# 初始化失败后，可进行重置，重置命令：kubeadm reset
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# 执行成功后，会出现类似下列内容：
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#kubeadm join 10.211.55.20:6443 --token opnt8d.m1db0aosc8q7013p \
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# --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:bf4601f8a84e77cd4a67ad1cfbf59be5c5aac7cf5e2efc16809a7a044389913e
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#
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# kubeadm token create --print-join-command
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```
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## node 节点：加入集群(子节点操作)
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```shell
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# 运行的内容来自上方执行结果
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kubeadm join 10.211.55.20:6443 --token opnt8d.m1db0aosc8q7013p \
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--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:bf4601f8a84e77cd4a67ad1cfbf59be5c5aac7cf5e2efc16809a7a044389913e
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# kubeadm token create --print-join-command
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```
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## 控制面板
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```shell
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kubectl get pods --all-namespaces -o wide
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```
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```shell
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[root@localhost ~]# kubectl get pods --all-namespaces -o wide
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NAMESPACE NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
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kube-system coredns-7bdc4cb885-h685f 0/1 Pending 0 71s <none> <none> <none> <none>
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kube-system coredns-7bdc4cb885-rrlbq 0/1 Pending 0 71s <none> <none> <none> <none>
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kube-system etcd-k8s-node1 1/1 Running 0 76s 10.211.55.20 k8s-node1 <none> <none>
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kube-system kube-apiserver-k8s-node1 1/1 Running 0 78s 10.211.55.20 k8s-node1 <none> <none>
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kube-system kube-controller-manager-k8s-node1 1/1 Running 0 76s 10.211.55.20 k8s-node1 <none> <none>
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kube-system kube-proxy-64rdg 1/1 Running 0 71s 10.211.55.20 k8s-node1 <none> <none>
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kube-system kube-scheduler-k8s-node1 1/1 Running 0 78s 10.211.55.20 k8s-node1 <none> <none>
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```
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```shell
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kubectl get nodes -o wide
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```
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```shell
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[root@localhost ~]# kubectl get nodes -o wide
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NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION INTERNAL-IP EXTERNAL-IP OS-IMAGE KERNEL-VERSION CONTAINER-RUNTIME
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k8s-node1 NotReady control-plane 2m7s v1.27.3 10.211.55.20 <none> CentOS Stream 9 5.14.0-373.el9.aarch64 containerd://1.6.24
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```
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### 控制面板：配置网络，选择 Calico 配置
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归档文档：https://docs.tigera.io/archive/
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| **Kubernetes 版本** | **Calico 版本** | **Calico 文档** | **Calico 配置** |
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| ---------------------- | --------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------ |
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| 1.18、1.19、1.20 | 3.18 | https://docs.tigera.io/archive/v3.18/getting-started/kubernetes/requirements | https://docs.tigera.io/archive/v3.18/manifests/calico.yaml |
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| 1.19、1.20、1.21 | 3.19 | https://docs.tigera.io/archive/v3.19/getting-started/kubernetes/requirements | https://docs.tigera.io/archive/v3.19/manifests/calico.yaml |
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| 1.19、1.20、1.21 | 3.20 | https://docs.tigera.io/archive/v3.20/getting-started/kubernetes/requirements | https://docs.tigera.io/archive/v3.20/manifests/calico.yaml |
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| 1.20、1.21、1.22 | 3.21 | https://docs.tigera.io/archive/v3.21/getting-started/kubernetes/requirements | https://docs.tigera.io/archive/v3.21/manifests/calico.yaml |
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| 1.21、1.22、1.23 | 3.22 | https://docs.tigera.io/archive/v3.22/getting-started/kubernetes/requirements | https://docs.tigera.io/archive/v3.22/manifests/calico.yaml |
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| 1.21、1.22、1.23 | 3.23 | https://docs.tigera.io/archive/v3.23/getting-started/kubernetes/requirements | https://docs.tigera.io/archive/v3.23/manifests/calico.yaml |
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| 1.22、1.23、1.24、1.25 | 3.24 | https://docs.tigera.io/archive/v3.24/getting-started/kubernetes/requirements | https://docs.tigera.io/archive/v3.24/manifests/calico.yaml |
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| 1.22、1.23、1.24 | 3.25 | https://docs.tigera.io/archive/v3.25/getting-started/kubernetes/requirements | https://docs.tigera.io/archive/v3.25/manifests/calico.yaml |
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| 1.24、1.25、1.26、1.27 | 3.26（最新版，从 2023 年 5 月开始正式更新，未测试） | https://docs.tigera.io/calico/latest/getting-started/kubernetes/requirements | https://raw.githubusercontent.com/projectcalico/calico/v3.26.1/manifests/calico.yaml |
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```shell
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# 下载 依赖
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wget --no-check-certificate https://raw.githubusercontent.com/projectcalico/calico/v3.26.1/manifests/calico.yaml
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```
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```shell
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# 修改 calico.yaml 文件
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vim calico.yaml
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```
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```shell
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# 在 - name: CLUSTER_TYPE 下方添加如下内容
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- name: CLUSTER_TYPE
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value: "k8s,bgp"
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# 下方为新增内容
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- name: IP_AUTODETECTION_METHOD
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value: "interface=网卡名称"
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# 网卡名称通过ip addr进行查询
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# INTERFACE_NAME=ens33
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# sed -i '/k8s,bgp/a \ - name: IP_AUTODETECTION_METHOD\n value: "interface=INTERFACE_NAME"' calico.yaml
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# sed -i "s#INTERFACE_NAME#$INTERFACE_NAME#g" calico.yaml
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```
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```shell
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# 配置网络
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kubectl apply -f calico.yaml
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```
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### 控制面板：查看 pods、nodes
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```shell
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kubectl get nodes -o wide
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kubectl get pods --all-namespaces -o wide
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```
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## k8s安装与配置已完成，下面内容是测试。
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### 控制面板：创建 nginx 服务
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```shell
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# 带 命名空间、Service 的完整版参见：https://jihulab.com/xuxiaowei-cloud/xuxiaowei-cloud/-/blob/main/docs/deployment/nginx-deployment.yaml
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cat > nginx.yaml << EOF
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apiVersion: apps/v1
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kind: Deployment
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metadata:
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name: nginx-deployment
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labels:
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app: nginx
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spec:
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replicas: 2
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selector:
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matchLabels:
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app: nginx
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template:
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metadata:
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labels:
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app: nginx
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spec:
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containers:
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- name: nginx
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image: nginx:1.23.2
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ports:
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- containerPort: 80
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EOF
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cat nginx.yaml
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kubectl apply -f nginx.yaml
|
||
|
||
# 编辑
|
||
# kubectl edit deployment nginx-deployment
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 查看服务
|
||
|
||
```shell
|
||
kubectl get pods --all-namespaces -o wide
|
||
kubectl get pods -o wide
|
||
|
||
# 控制面板：查看pod,svc
|
||
kubectl get pod,svc -o wide
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
|
||
```shell
|
||
# 控制面板：设置服务（将多个 nginx-deployment 的 pod 绑定在一起，通过一个 Service 端口统一对外提供）
|
||
kubectl expose deployment nginx-deployment --type=NodePort --name=nginx-service
|
||
|
||
# 带 命名空间、Service 的完整版参见：https://jihulab.com/xuxiaowei-cloud/xuxiaowei-cloud/-/blob/main/docs/deployment/nginx-deployment.yaml
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 再次查看
|
||
|
||
```shell
|
||
# 控制面板：查看pod,svc
|
||
kubectl get pod,svc -o wide
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 删除部署
|
||
|
||
```shell
|
||
kubectl delete -f nginx.yaml
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
```shell
|
||
kubectl delete deployment pod名称
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## 其他辅助
|
||
|
||
### CentOS 命令自动补充
|
||
|
||
1. 安装 bash-completion
|
||
|
||
```shell
|
||
yum install -y bash-completion
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
2. 拷贝 kubernetes 的自动补全脚本到系统补全目录中
|
||
|
||
```shell
|
||
source <(kubectl completion bash)
|
||
echo "source <(kubectl completion bash)" >> ~/.bashrc
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
3. 重新加载环境变量，使设置生效
|
||
|
||
```shell
|
||
source ~/.bashrc
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### Token 相关命令
|
||
|
||
1. 控制平面节点上运行以下命令来获取令牌
|
||
|
||
```shell
|
||
kubeadm token list
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
2. 默认情况下，令牌会在 24 小时后过期，可以通过在控制平面节点上运行以下命令来创建新令牌
|
||
|
||
```shell
|
||
kubeadm token create
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 相关命令
|
||
|
||
1. 查看更多信息
|
||
|
||
```shell
|
||
-o wide
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
2. 查看所有命名空间
|
||
|
||
```shell
|
||
--all-namespaces
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
3. 查看指定命名空间
|
||
|
||
```shell
|
||
-n 命名空间
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
4. 查看所有 pod
|
||
|
||
```shell
|
||
kubectl get pods --all-namespaces -o wide
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
5. 查看 pod 描述
|
||
|
||
```shell
|
||
kubectl -n 命名空间 describe pod 名称
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
6. 删除 pod
|
||
|
||
```shell
|
||
kubectl -n 命名空间 delete pod 名称
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
7. 进入 pod
|
||
|
||
```shell
|
||
kubectl exec -it pod名称 bash
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
8. 查看 Service Account
|
||
|
||
```shell
|
||
kubectl get sa --all-namespaces
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
```shell
|
||
kubectl -n 命名空间 get sa
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
9. 查看 pv
|
||
|
||
```shell
|
||
kubectl get pv
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
10. 查看 pvc
|
||
|
||
```shell
|
||
kubectl get pvc
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
11. 查看角色绑定
|
||
|
||
```shell
|
||
kubectl get rolebinding --all-namespaces -o wide
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## 常见报错
|
||
|
||
### 子节点环境变量没有配置
|
||
|
||
```shel
|
||
[root@k8s-node2 ~]# kubectl get nodes
|
||
E1020 09:02:20.228531 3007 memcache.go:265] couldn't get current server API group list: Get "http://localhost:8080/api?timeout=32s": dial tcp [::1]:8080: connect: connection refused
|
||
E1020 09:02:20.228894 3007 memcache.go:265] couldn't get current server API group list: Get "http://localhost:8080/api?timeout=32s": dial tcp [::1]:8080: connect: connection refused
|
||
E1020 09:02:20.230721 3007 memcache.go:265] couldn't get current server API group list: Get "http://localhost:8080/api?timeout=32s": dial tcp [::1]:8080: connect: connection refused
|
||
E1020 09:02:20.232525 3007 memcache.go:265] couldn't get current server API group list: Get "http://localhost:8080/api?timeout=32s": dial tcp [::1]:8080: connect: connection refused
|
||
E1020 09:02:20.234259 3007 memcache.go:265] couldn't get current server API group list: Get "http://localhost:8080/api?timeout=32s": dial tcp [::1]:8080: connect: connection refused
|
||
The connection to the server localhost:8080 was refused - did you specify the right host or port?
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
首先先进入`/etc/kubernetes`文件夹下面然后查看你的配置文件
|
||
|
||
1.27版本使用的名称为`kubelet.conf`以前版本应该是`admin.conf`
|
||
|
||
配置环境变量
|
||
|
||
```shell
|
||
echo "export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.conf" >> ~/.bash_profile
|
||
|
||
source ~/.bash_profile
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
现在就已经正常了
|
||
|